创伤后应激障碍PTSD （中英对照）

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! M) I+ Y" Y, r0 n( q创伤后应激障碍 （中英对照）
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)
9 \  C& K4 N9 p5 J关键词：创伤、创伤后应激障碍、焦虑、忧郁、失眠、梦魇、心理治疗、心理辅导、trauma、post－traumatic stress disorder、PTSD、anxiety、depression、insomnia、nightmare、psychotherapy、counseling
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' W7 j6 u1 M+ N; o/ V什麽是创伤后应激障碍？ 创伤后应激障碍是一种焦虑障碍，发生在经历过或目击过某种创伤性事件后发生，这个事件可以对人造成严重伤害，使得当事者相信他／她自己或他人处在巨大的危险当中。应激性事件的一些例子如： 3 K& c- P- Y6 r! W: P% Q, `－ 自然灾害（火灾、洪水、或飓风） 9 X/ x; `# V& o3 o9 H) Q7 [－ 战争 : @7 Z, X, B: v0 a－ 袭击 （如强奸，家庭暴力） ( D( E3 A/ a1 N－ 儿童虐待 － 意外事件（如车祸、工伤） ! _. F: V( n* l" L* T3 c( i, y* \9 g－ 恐怖主义（如爆炸、折磨） 创伤后应激障碍的症状和表现 － 记忆回放（关于创伤性事件逼真的记忆一遍遍重现） ; k0 U) \+ u% c  [# F7 l$ P3 [-这些记忆可以在任何时候出现 - 当事人可以感受到和事件发生时同样的恐惧 3 i1 o' q1 O! T+ I7 U－ 恶梦 － 回避那些与创伤性事件有关的人或事 － 入睡困难 － 愤怒 － 警觉过度 （紧张不安或神经过敏） / ^; B4 p+ v/ U . p# f) h7 n4 D. Y这些症状持续6个月以上并且导致患者在工作、人际关系、和社会活动等方面的问题。视觉、气味、或声音刺激可诱发症状出现，比如强烈的噪音、车祸、或新闻消息等可以使患者产生仿佛重历当初创伤事件的感觉。 创伤后应激障碍的治疗 2 \3 j' C: B1 r: r8 h- q 9 H; m6 F0 B. n( p: C5 ^" c; o. u创伤后应激障碍对治疗的反应良好。治疗方法有： 6 L% _' E0 W, y$ x－ 心理辅导、心理知识学习和心理支持 － 认知行为治疗以缓解症状和行为指导 , U5 X) r" i1 l( w& d! J－ 暴露疗法 － 小组治疗 － 心理动力学疗法探讨较深层次的心理机制 . x" F7 M! D9 ^－ 药物选择一个具有相关训练和具有治疗创伤后应激障碍经验的治疗师是非常重要的。 - {( E1 a2 F% b; L/ f: }如果创伤后应激障碍没有得到治疗，可能会导致其它问题，比如： : }+ O( a$ }! p- ?1 @& w。 忧郁症 + e# w6 k, V  d" Q& w. N7 C1 N。 焦虑症 $ ?! P/ W$ n% @4 J( r6 R0 O  W。 酒精或毒品滥用 . N7 G- b2 F( g1 T2 L。 身体健康问题

What is PTSD? * u# \  ]4 h0 T% G3 l % T5 c" V: c8 Z6 y. e8 LPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that can start after a person experiences or witnesses a stressful event that could have caused serious injury. The person believes that he or she or someone else is in serious danger. Some examples of a stressful event include: • Acts of nature (such as a fire, flood or hurricane) • War• Assault (such as rape or violence in the home) % Y. l7 P7 ^  |" o* N$ k) {9 N• Child Abuse • Accidents (such as a car accident or workplace accident) • Acts of Terrorism (such as bombings or torture) , R- r& I% Z) x/ e What are the Signs and Symptoms? 6 L) Z0 y8 L* m6 D+ I 6 i4 }6 E" e* P7 E• “Flashbacks” (vivid memories of the event happening over and over) – These memories can happen any time – The person usually feels the same fear they felt when the event first happened • Nightmares• Avoiding people, places or things related to the stressful event • Difficulty falling asleep + s$ m" ^! C) T" c) m2 J0 Q• Anger • Hyper vigilance(feeling keyed-up or jittery) - f% R8 U3 y! H# W$ B These symptoms last more than 6 months and cause many problems in different areas of the person’s life such as in their work, relationships and social activities.Symptoms can be triggered by sights, smells or sounds that cause the person to re-live the event such as loud noises, car accidents or a news report. 5 Z: t" U2 b1 v6 @1 I* B& U, M/ }2 `Patient Education What are the treatments? & v  P0 m. L- k) L2 D0 c 0 {) H9 F% W8 k" H! k; qPTSD responds well to treatment. There are many types of treatments that can be used such as: – Counseling, education and support : T! y6 j( z* p* M! C– Cognitive Behavioural Therapy # G5 H/ C; v0 F, k9 c) }, e– Exposure Therapy – Group Therapy – Psychodynamic therapy to explore deeper psychological mechanism – Medication It is important you choose a therapist with special training and experiences in PTSD to help you with this problem.If a person does not get help for PTSD it can lead to other problems such as: • Depression $ ~2 b: Q" E+ I0 i• Anxiety • Alcohol or drug use • Health problems